Reações transfusionais em crianças: fatores associados / Blood transfusion reactions in children: associated factors

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil das reações transfusionais em crianças e identificar os fatores intervenientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital-escola pediátrico terciário da rede pública, envolvendo todas as crianças internadas de janeiro a julho de 2011 (5437), das quais 1.226 foram hemotransfundidas, constituindo, assim, a amostra. Realizado estudo documental dos relatórios do serviço de hemovigilância e das fichas de notificação de reações transfusionais. As variáveis investigadas foram: número e tipo de hemocomponente transfundido, local de transfusão, local da reação, idade, sexo, tipo de hemocomponente envolvido, tipo de incidente e história prévia de politransfusão. Realizada análise descritiva e inferencial, utilizando-se testes estatísticos para estabelecer associação entre as variáveis. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se 57 incidentes transfusionais envolvendo 47 crianças distintas e 72 hemocomponentes, constituindo uma prevalência de reações de 3,8%. Na análise inferencial, pelo teste do Qui-quadrado, as seguintes variáveis apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) com o tipo de reação: faixa etária e tipo de hemocomponente envolvido. Analogamente, a doença de base do paciente associou-se com a história prévia de incidente transfusional e o tipo de hemocomponente. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de reações transfusionais em crianças é elevada, e os fatores intervenientes são o tipo de hemocomponente, a faixa etária, comorbidade do paciente e politransfusão, sendo que os dois primeiros associam-se, também, com tipo de reação ocorrida.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the profile of blood transfusion reactions in children and to identify the involved factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in a tertiary pediatric teaching hospital from the public healthcare system, involving all children admitted from January to July of 2011 (5,437), of which 1,226 received blood transfusions, constituting the sample. A documental study was performed by analyzing files from the hemovigilance service and notification forms of transfusion reactions. The variables investigated were: number and type of blood components transfused, transfusion site, reaction site, age, gender, type of blood components involved, type of incident, and previous history of multiple transfusions. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed, using statistical tests to establish the association between the variables. RESULTS: There were 57 transfusion incidents involving 47 children and 72 different blood products, thus constituting a prevalence of reactions of 3.8%. At the inferential analysis, the chi-squared test showed that the following variables were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the type of reaction: age range and type of blood component. Similarly, the patient's underlying disease was associated with previous history of transfusion incident and type of blood component. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of transfusion reactions in children is high, and the intervening factors are: type of blood component, age, patient comorbidity, and multiple transfusions; type of blood component and age are also associated with type of reaction.

Blood transfusion reactions in children: associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of blood transfusion reactions in children and to identify the involved factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in a tertiary pediatric teaching hospital from the public healthcare system, involving all children admitted from January to July of 2011 (5,437), of which 1,226 received blood transfusions, constituting the sample. A documental study was performed by analyzing files from the hemovigilance service and notification forms of transfusion reactions. The variables investigated were: number and type of blood components transfused, transfusion site, reaction site, age, gender, type of blood components involved, type of incident, and previous history of multiple transfusions. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed, using statistical tests to establish the association between the variables. RESULTS: There were 57 transfusion incidents involving 47 children and 72 different blood products, thus constituting a prevalence of reactions of 3.8%. At the inferential analysis, the chi-squared test showed that the following variables were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the type of reaction: age range and type of blood component. Similarly, the patient's underlying disease was associated with previous history of transfusion incident and type of blood component. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of transfusion reactions in children is high, and the intervening factors are: type of blood component, age, patient comorbidity, and multiple transfusions; type of blood component and age are also associated with type of reaction.